What accessories does a computer have? Computer assembly configuration list

Computer assembly has always been a hot topic. The process of DIY computer assembly is not only fun, but also full of sense of accomplishment. But many beginners do not know much about computer knowledge. What hardware does a computer consist of? What are the characteristics of different hardware?

1. Motherboard

Computer chassis motherboard, also known as mainboard, system board or motherboard; it is divided into commercial motherboard and industrial motherboard. It is installed in the chassis and is one of the most basic and important components of a microcomputer. The motherboard is generally a rectangular circuit board, on which the main circuit system of the computer is installed, generally including BIOS chip, I/O control chip, key and panel control switch interface, indicator light connector, expansion slot, DC power supply connector of the motherboard and plug-in card, etc.

2. Memory stick

The memory stick is a computer component that the CPU can address through the bus and perform read and write operations. In the history of personal computers, the memory stick was once an extension of the main memory. With the continuous updating of computer software and hardware technology, the memory stick has become the whole of read and write memory. The size of computer memory (RAM) that we usually refer to is the total capacity of the memory stick.

3. CPU

The central processing unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit) is a large-scale integrated circuit, which is the computing core (Core) and control core (Control Unit) of a computer. Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software.

4. Graphics card

The full name of the graphics card (Video card, Graphics card) is the display interface card, also known as the display adapter, which is one of the most basic configuration and most important accessories of the computer. As an important component of the computer host, the graphics card is a device for the computer to convert digital and analog signals, and is responsible for the task of outputting display graphics. The graphics card is connected to the computer motherboard. It converts the computer's digital signal into an analog signal for the monitor to display. At the same time, the graphics card still has image processing capabilities, which can assist the CPU in working and improve the overall running speed. Graphics cards are very important for people engaged in professional graphic design. The main suppliers of civilian and military graphics chips include AMD (Advanced Microelectronics) and Nvidia (Nvidia). The current top 500 computers all contain graphics card computing cores. In scientific computing, graphics cards are called display accelerator cards.

5. Hard disk

The hard disk is one of the main storage media of the computer, consisting of one or more aluminum or glass discs. The disc is covered with ferromagnetic material.

6. Optical drive

Guāngqū; optical drive is a machine used by computers to read and write optical disc contents. It is also a common component in desktop and laptop portable computers. With the increasing application of multimedia, optical drives have become standard configuration in many computer accessories. Optical drives can be divided into CD-ROM drives, DVD optical drives (DVD-ROM), COMBO, Blu-ray optical drives (BD-ROM) and burners.

7. Radiator + chassis fan

Computer radiators all have fans to better cool the CPU. The chassis also needs to be equipped with several fans to dissipate heat inside the computer host. This provides a safe, stable and cool environment for computer operation. The general cooling fan sizes on the market range from 2.5cm to 30cm in diameter, and the thickness ranges from 6mm to 76mm. According to different operating requirements, the rare AC (alternating current, powered by household sockets) and common D power (direct current, powered by computer adapters or motherboards) can be used. Most of them use two-phase motors (two sets of copper coils, a total of four units), which is conducive to saving production costs when the speed is not high.

8. Chassis

As a part of computer accessories, the chassis mainly plays the role of placing and fixing various computer accessories, and plays a supporting and protective role. In addition, the computer chassis plays an important role in shielding electromagnetic radiation.

9. Power supply

The computer power supply is a closed independent component installed in the main chassis. Its function is to convert the alternating current into 5V, -5V, +12V, -12V, +3.3V and other stable direct current through a switching power transformer to supply the system board, floppy disk, hard disk drive and various adapter expansion cards in the main chassis.

The above are all the components of a computer. Of course, as time goes by, hardware such as optical drives have gradually withdrawn from the stage of history. Therefore, if you want to play computer hardware DIY, you need to supplement your knowledge and learn more frequently.